Sample exam for Section 3 (Psychological aspects and treatment)

The idea of an "addictive personality"
1. has received little supporting empirical evidence.
2. has been a useful idea for understanding the causes of multiple, related addictive behaviors, such as drug addiction, sex addiction, and gambling.
3. reflects the reality that people with drug addiction have more personality commonalities than differences.
Learning not to touch a hot stove after having been burned by it is an example of learning through _______.
1. positive reinforcement
2. negative reinforcement
3. punishment
4. modeling
A __________ is a consequence of a behavior that increases the likelihood that it will occur in the future.
1. conditioned stimulus
2. punisher
3. reinforcer
4. rebound effect
__________ is an increase in the frequency of a behavior when it results in avoidance of or escape from something.
1. Negative reinforcement
2. Punishment
3. Positive reinforcement
4. Withdrawal
In looking at a behavior such as cigarette smoking, it seemed the risks associated with smoking (e.g., lung diseases) outweigh the benefits (e.g., short-term relaxation). In addition to perceived benefits, it was pointed out that one needs to also consider
1. the economic costs or benefits.
2. the legal definition and the pharmacological classifications.
3. how certain and how immediate the outcomes are relative to the behavior.
4. The extent that important others view the behavior as good or bad.
An example of negative reinforcement controlling behavior would be
1. using heroin again to relieve the withdrawal symptoms
2. using heroin again to experience the "high"
3. smoking a cigarette to have something to do with one's hands
4. drinking a large coffee before studying to stay awake
Individuals in the __________ stage are typically on the edge of taking action to change.
1. preparation
2. contemplation
3. precontemplation
4. action
The __________ model is the foundation for Alcoholics Anonymous (AA).
1. moral
2. personality
3. social learning
4. disease
The Minnesota Model for drug treatment views chemical dependency as a disease. This would mean that
1. complete abstinence from alcohol or other drugs would be required for anyone who received treatment.
2. complete abstinence from alcohol or other drugs would only be necessary among those people who had relapsed in the past.
3. controlled use of alcohol would be a likely part of treatment.
4. medical treatment, and NOT psychological treatment, would be used.
Traditional psychoanalytic approaches to drug problems
1. have a very high success rate.
2. focus on underlying problems rather than drug use itself.
3. are efficient in cost and time.
4. focus on stimuli that reinforce drug-taking behaviors.
"Self-efficacy" refers to
1. one's perceived ability to carry out some task.
2. one's perception as being a worthwhile person.
3. the extent that one can model others' behaviors effectively.
4. how socialized a person is.
The biopsychosocial model of alcohol abuse maintains that
1. alcohol abuse is primarily the result of genetics
2. alcohol abuse is primarily the result of the alcoholic personality
3. alcohol abuse is primarily the result of cultural factors
4. genetics, personality, and culture all play a role
The enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase breaks alcohol down into __________.
1. acetate
2. carbon dioxide and water
3. disulfiram
4. acetaldehyde
According to Williams (presented in the text), the primary goal of intervention is
1. to at least get a drug abuser to admit that they have been under the influence of a drug.
2. to elicit an agreement from the person to be evaluated for possible drug dependence.
3. to diagnose drug dependency.
4. Since any of the above would bring the drug problem to the user's attention, all of the above would be ways to describe the goals of intervention.
Antabuse is thought to be effective because it creates an aversion to alcohol. The approach to therapy that would use antabuse would be
1. social learning
2. psychoanalytic
3. interactive
4. behavioral or learning
The most typical patient admitted to an in-patient drug treatment program would be receiving treatment for:
1. alcohol
2. alcohol in combination with other drugs
3. marijuana and/or cocaine use
The most typical patient admitted to an in-patient drug treatment program would be
1. male
2. female
3. equally likely to be male or female
In the example of Stan's decision whether to fight his landlord, his actions when drunk are best explained by
1. The Theory of Planned Behavior
2. Spontaneous Processing Model
3. Social Learning Theory
4. Psychoanalytic Repression
Among those deemed needing treatment, but not receiving it, the most common reason was
1. not feeling they needed treatment.
2. that they felt that they needed treatment but did not make the effort.
3. that they felt that they needed treatment and did make an effort but still did not receive treatment.
4. they were turned away by treatment facilities.
Which self-help group(s) consider 'controlled drinking' as an acceptable goal?
1. None of them.
2. LifeRing
3. AA (Alcoholics Anonymous)
4. SMART (Self-Management And Recovery Training)
5. MM (Moderation Management)

Sample exam for Section 3 (Psychological aspects and treatment)

Choose the correct answer for each question.